Regarding the verses, only psalm 148:5-6 even comes close to what the first law says... and that is by a VERY loose interpretation. The full version being:
1 Praise the Lord from the heavens;
praise him in the heights above.
2 Praise him, all his angels;
praise him, all his heavenly hosts.
3 Praise him, sun and moon;
praise him, all you shining stars.
4 Praise him, you highest heavens
and you waters above the skies.
5 Let them praise the name of the Lord,
for at his command they were created,
6 and he established them for ever and ever—
he issued a decree that will never pass away.
That is not really a prediction and by reading that, I would not know it could be applied to the first law of thermodynamics without someone pointing out similarities. The sun, the moon, stars (more suns...), etc are not exactly eternal but I guess you are saying this establishes the idea that things can be eternal?
Now, regarding those points, only the magmatic water and oil pressure relate to geological processes. However, I will reply to all of the since the solutions are relatively simple.
1: interplanetary dust:if the universe was billions of years old there should have been 54 feet of dust on the moon when we landed. Instead there was only an eighth of an inch to 3 inches of dust. This would take less than 8000 years to stack up.
No, completely incorrect. You have to understand that there are thousands of factors that could affect the amount of dust (and other materials) on a celestial body and any pattern that exists is always subject to change. Other debris could impact the moon, leaving materials behind or taking some with it if it escapes the moon's gravity. Debris with a large enough gravitational field could even take away dust from the moon or the moon can take dust from other objects, etc etc.
2: juvenile water: when volcanoes erupt, some if the material they send up is water. To produce all the water that is in our oceans, lakes and streams it would have taken only 340 million years. This means that 340 million years ago there would be no oceans. But what is funny is that evolutionists tell us that 340 million years ago it was the age of the fishes. See a problem? Also the popular idea of the origin if life tells us that the oceans were full of water at least 2000 million years ago.
No, while this is a geological process, there is another process that encompasses the movement of water: The water cycle. Not the rubbish middle school or high school version but the complete map of water movement in the biosphere. Water goes in the atmosphere, deep underground, disperses to form other molecules, and so many other places. Even if the ocean only took 340 million years to form, which I have not really verified yet, it would cycle everywhere since water molecules are constantly forming and breaking apart.
3: Comets: when a comet passes the sun some of its matter is blown away. Because of this comets will eventually disintegrate. Because of this all the short-period comets would be gone in as little as 10000 years. Yet there are still up to 5 million comets still in our solar system. This makes it look as if the solar system is about 6000 years old.
Uh, the universe does not simply stand still. Things are constantly moving, bumping into each other, colliding to form a larger mass (creation of our planet), etc. The amount of comets in our solar system is really no way to measure the age of anything.
4: Oil pressure: over time an oil deposit will lose its pressure because even the densest rocks are porous. If oil deposits were there for more than 5000 years, all the pressure would be gone. And yet there is still tremendous pressure in the oil deposits.
Ok, this one is simple. First, fossils really do not give any indication for the age of the planet especially when we have strong indications that lead us to know the Earth was uninhabitable for a few billion years. Next, even if a very tiny amount of pressure is lost through various pours, crude oil is organic matter that is still decaying and will produce gas. Hence the build up of pressure in the first place. Whatever loss there may be for pressure, the creation of gas may offset if not overcome it which probably, as mentioned before, led to the build up.
Every cause has an effect but obviously you must have an uncaused first cause. If god did not create them, then how did the atoms get there?
Lol, do not get carried away picking at all these scientific ideas. I could ask the same thing about creationism: If God created the universe, what created God? We both would not know the answer to either question but the difference is, we continue to modify our understanding of such complex ideas through investigation with science. The answer for creationism will always be "God did it" and there are no more questions after that.
The explanation for how different atoms were created is part of the Big Bang. See the following wiki link and look at the beginning of the overview. Basically energy was converted and transformed to create different types of matter through various cosmological/astronomical phenomena. That is the very simplified version.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Big_Bang